Awareness and Self-Management Practices Among Sudanese Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Enhancing knowledge and self-care behaviors can contribute to better glycemic control and reduce diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and self-care practices among Sudanese individuals with diabetes. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three diabetic centers in Khartoum State, enrolling 201 participants. Data were collected through structured, validated questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Among 201 individuals with diabetes, 43.0% were males and 57.0% females. The median total knowledge score was 19±5.145, with 51.4% exhibiting sufficient knowledge about diabetes and its complications, while 48.6% had insufficient knowledge. Self-care practices regarding foot examination, shoe inspection, and dietary adherence were satisfactory at 56.0%, 59.0%, and 66.0%, respectively. However, engagement in exercise and routine eye examinations was lower at 47.0% and 45.1%, respectively. A significant correlation was found between knowledge and hypertension, prior diabetes education, and informing healthcare providers before taking other medications. Additionally, the mean knowledge score significantly varied based on the healthcare center, educational level, and disease duration. However, no significant relationship was observed between knowledge and the frequency of healthcare provider visits. Conclusions: Sudanese individuals with diabetes demonstrated adequate overall knowledge and acceptable self-care behaviors. Clinical and community pharmacists could play a pivotal role in enhancing diabetes knowledge and self-care practices.