The Influence of Early Childhood Screen Time on Cognitive Development and Behavioral Outcomes

Authors:¹ Dr. Michael Harris² Sarah Wilson³ Dr. David Martin⁴ Dr. Laura White⁵ Dr. Kevin Thomas _(C.Author)

Abstract

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The increasing prevalence of screen time among young children has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on cognitive development and behavioral outcomes. This study aims to investigate the relationship between screen time exposure and the cognitive and behavioral development of children aged 2-5 years. Data were collected from a cohort of 1,200 children across various childcare centers. A structured questionnaire and direct observation were used to assess the total weekly screen time, cognitive test scores, and behavioral assessments.

Descriptive statistics revealed that 72% of the children exceeded the recommended 2 hours of screen time per day. Among this group, 48% spent 3-4 hours per day on screens, while 24% reported more than 4 hours. Cognitive testing, conducted using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV), showed a significant decline in IQ scores among children exposed to more than 3 hours of screen time daily. The mean IQ score for children with less than 2 hours of screen time was 108 (SD = 6), while for children with more than 3 hours, the average score dropped to 95 (SD = 7). A t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in mean IQ scores between these groups (t = 12.85, p < 0.01).

Behavioral assessments, which utilized the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), identified higher levels of hyperactivity (25%), aggression (18%), and social withdrawal (14%) in children exposed to excessive screen time. Multivariate analysis indicated a strong association between increased screen time and negative behavioral outcomes, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.52 (p < 0.05). Regression models controlling for socioeconomic status, parental education, and sleep duration confirmed that screen time was a significant predictor of both cognitive delays and behavioral issues (β = -0.45, p < 0.01).

In conclusion, this study provides strong evidence that excessive screen time during early childhood is associated with lower cognitive performance and increased behavioral problems. The findings underscore the need for interventions to limit screen time in young children to promote healthier developmental trajectories.