Climate Change and Vector-Borne Diseases: Emerging Threats and Adaptive Strategies

Asim Ahmed¹, Patricia Alvarez², Victor Rossi³, Carlos Mendes⁴

Abstract

Background:
Climate change has expanded the geographic range of vector-borne diseases, increasing public health risks in previously unaffected areas. This study evaluates the impact of rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns on the incidence of vector-borne diseases.

Methods:
Data from global disease surveillance systems were analyzed from 2010 to 2023. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping and climate modeling were used to identify high-risk zones for diseases such as malaria, dengue, and Zika. Seasonal variations and climate anomalies were correlated with outbreak spikes.

Results:
Regions with average temperature increases of 1.5°C experienced a 22% rise in dengue incidence (p < 0.01), while malaria spread to higher altitudes. GIS mapping identified new transmission hotspots in temperate regions previously considered low-risk.

Conclusion:
Climate change is reshaping the epidemiological landscape of vector-borne diseases. Adaptive public health strategies, including vector control and climate-resilient infrastructure, are necessary to mitigate future risks.